Recording business information accurately and consistently is important for marking progress, predicting future work, as well as complying with legal and contractual obligations. When people think of business writing , they often think of the persuasive writing category. These documents are generally associated with sales.
The persuasive writing may be direct, with focus on a specific item, or indirect, with focus on developing the client relationship. The goal is two-fold: to convey information and to convince the reader that the presented information offers the best value. The text is written to impress the reader and sway their decision. Proposals: these documents outline an offer of a product or service to a specific potential client.
The proposal generally presents project overview, benefits, timeline, costs, and competency. Sales Email: an email written to a large number of people to pitch a product or service. Learn how to write a sales email. Press Release: a text written for journalists and media presenting new information.
The text aims to persuade the reader to share the content through their own channels. Everyday communication falls under transactional business writing. The majority of this writing is by email, but also includes official letters, forms, and invoices. An easy way to quickly improve your transactional business writing is to take an online course. Is the "what" sufficiently backed up with the rationale for "why"? If not, ask for measurable rationale in the following areas:.
An actor represents anything that interacts with or within the system. This can be a human, or a machine, or a computer program. Actors initiate activity with the system, for example:. An actor represents a role that a user plays; i. Each actor uses the system in different ways otherwise they should be the same actor. Ask about the humans that will be involved, from different viewpoints, such as:. Ask about the computer components likely to be involved, again from different points of view.
What must they do? If not, probe more deeply. Is there a description of when, and how often, the requirement needs to be addressed? If not, ask about timing. Effective business scenario documentation requires a balance between ensuring that the detail is accessible, and preventing it from overshadowing the results and overwhelming the reader.
To this end, the business scenario document should have the main findings in the body of the document and the details in appendices. One of the first steps in the development of an architecture is to define the overall goals and objectives for the development.
The objectives should be derived from the business goals of the organization, and the way in which IT is seen to contribute to meeting those goals.
Every organization behaves differently in this respect, some seeing IT as the driving force for the enterprise and others seeing IT in a supporting role, simply automating the business processes which already exist.
The essential thing is that the architectural objectives should be very closely aligned with the business goals and objectives of the organization. Not only must goals be stated in general terms, but also specific measures need to be attached to them to make them SMART, as described above. The amount of effort spent in doing this will lead to greater clarity for the sponsors of the architecture evolution cycle. It will pay back by driving proposed solutions much more closely toward the goals at each step of the cycle.
It is extremely helpful for the different stakeholders inside the organization, as well as for suppliers and consultants, to have a clear yardstick for measuring fitness-for-purpose. If done well, the ADM can be used to trace specific decisions back to criteria, and thus yield their justification. These are categories of goals, each with a list of possible objectives.
However, since the actual work to be done will be specific to the architecture project concerned, it is not possible to provide a list of generic SMART objectives that will relate to any project. Under the general goal heading "Improve User Productivity" below, there is an objective to provide a "Consistent User Interface" and it is described as follows:. To make this objective SMART, we ask whether the objective is specific, measurable, actionable, realistic, and time-bound, and then augment the objective appropriately.
The above results in a SMART objective that looks more like this again remember this is an example :. Although every organization will have its own set of goals, some examples may help in the development of an organization-specific list. The goals given below are categories of goals, each with a list of possible objectives, which have been adapted from the goals given in previous versions of TOGAF. Each of the objectives given below should be made SMART with specific measures and metrics for the task involved, as illustrated in the example above.
However, the actual work to be done will be specific to the architecture project concerned, and it is not possible to provide a list of generic SMART objectives that will relate to any project. Interoperability improvements across applications and business areas can be realized through the following objectives:.
Lifecycle costs can be reduced through most of the objectives discussed above. In addition, the following objectives directly address reduction of lifecycle costs:. Business scenarios help address one of the most common issues facing IT executives: aligning IT with the business. The success of any major IT project is measured by the extent to which it is linked to business requirements, and demonstrably supports and enables the enterprise to achieve its business objectives.
Business scenarios are an important technique that may be used at various stages of defining enterprise architecture, or any other major IT project, to derive the characteristics of the architecture directly from the high-level requirements of the business. Price [54e. Bird Carol Dixon Hatrick [6Iz. Student's Book By unknown [aB2. Cohen [b2M.
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